How to Cook Turkey Stuffing Safely (2024)

Posted by Jesus Garcia, USDA Food Safety and Inspection Service in Health and Safety

Nov 15, 2023

How to Cook Turkey Stuffing Safely (1)

Here’s an important Thanksgiving food safety tip that will surprise many: USDA doesn’t recommend stuffing a whole turkey. The practice increases the risk of cross-contamination and takes the turkey longer to cook. Cook stuffing separately instead.

But if you decide to stuff your turkey, we recommend the following:

  • Don’t stuff a turkey the night before cooking it. Bacteria can multiply in the stuffing and cause foodborne illness when a stuffed bird is refrigerated.
    • The wet and dry ingredients for the stuffing should be prepared separately and refrigerated until ready to use. Mixing dry and wet ingredients produces an environment that bacteria may thrive in hours before cooking.
    • Fully cook raw meat, poultry, or seafood ingredients before adding to stuffing.
    • Combine the ingredients and place them in your bird immediately before cooking. Don’t stuff whole poultry with cooked stuffing.
    • In addition to the turkey, the stuffing’s center needs to reach 165 F.

Here are timetables for turkey roasting based on a 325 F oven temperature:

Unstuffed

8 to 12 pounds — 2¾ to 3 hours

12 to 14 pounds — 3 to 3¾ hours

14 to 18 pounds — 3¾ to 4¼ hours

18 to 20 pounds — 4¼ to 4½ hours

20 to 24 pounds — 4½ to 5 hours

Stuffed

8 to 12 pounds — 3 to 3½ hours

12 to 14 pounds — 3½ to 4 hours

14 to 18 pounds — 4 to 4¼ hours

18 to 20 pounds — 4¼ to 4¾ hours

20 to 24 pounds — 4¾ to 5¼ hours

For more Thanksgiving tips, check out our fact sheet. Read our latest USDA study on safe food handling.

For more information, contact the USDA Meat and Poultry Hotline at 1-888-MPHotline (1-888-674-6854) to talk to a food safety specialist or chat live at ask.usda.gov from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. Eastern Time, Monday through Friday. On Thanksgiving Day, the Hotline will be open from 8 a.m. to 2 p.m. Eastern Time.

Category/Topic: Health and Safety

How to Cook Turkey Stuffing Safely (2024)

FAQs

How to Cook Turkey Stuffing Safely? ›

For optimal safety and uniform doneness, cook stuffing separately. However, if stuffing a turkey, it's essential to use a food thermometer to make sure the center of the stuffing reaches a safe minimum internal temperature of 165 °F. Cooking a home-stuffed turkey is riskier than cooking one not stuffed.

How to safely cook stuffing in a turkey? ›

Fully cook raw meat, poultry, or seafood ingredients before adding to stuffing. Combine the ingredients and place them in your bird immediately before cooking. Don't stuff whole poultry with cooked stuffing. In addition to the turkey, the stuffing's center needs to reach 165 F.

Why is it important to cook turkey and stuffing to 165? ›

If you do place stuffing inside the turkey, do so just before cooking - NEVER OVERNIGHT! Be sure to use a 0 to 220 degree food thermometer to confirm that the center of the stuffing reaches a safe minimum internal temperature of 165 degrees Fahrenheit in order to kill any potential bacteria.

Is it safe to cook stuffing inside of the turkey overnight? ›

If you put stuffing in the turkey, do so just before cooking. Avoid pre-stuffing. Insert a food thermometer into the center of the stuffing to make sure it reaches 165 degrees Fahrenheit. Bacteria can survive in stuffing that has not reached 165 degrees that could then cause food poisoning.

How do you secure stuffing in turkey? ›

Pack the stuffing loosely inside the turkey, because it will expand during cooking. Bake any stuffing that won't fit in a covered casserole alongside the turkey. Trussing. Truss your turkey after stuffing so it will stay put while the bird roasts.

What temperature should stuffing be cooked at? ›

How do you safely cook stuffing? The stuffed meat, poultry, or stuffing in a casserole should be placed immediately after preparation in an oven set no lower than 325 °F. A food thermometer should be used to ensure that the stuffing reaches the safe minimum internal temperature of 165 °F.

What happens if you don't cook turkey to 165? ›

Even if your turkey didn't reach 165°F (74°C), it only needs to be held for 25.6 seconds at 160°F (71°C) to reach the same level of food safety (a 7-log reduction in pathogens as defined by the USDA).

What temperature is stuffing in turkey safe? ›

However, if stuffing a turkey, it's essential to use a food thermometer to make sure the center of the stuffing reaches a safe minimum internal temperature of 165 °F. Cooking a home-stuffed turkey is riskier than cooking one not stuffed.

Why should you cook stuffing separate from? ›

Stuffing cooked inside the turkey could become contaminated with salmonella if the bird is stuffed too early, if the stuffing is left in too long, or if the stuffing doesn't come to a high enough temperature while cooking. Even Health Canada recommends cooking stuffing separately in the oven or on the stove top.

Can you put uncooked stuffing in turkey? ›

Stuffing Safety

Despite the benefits of stuffing a turkey, it's not a safe practice, says Baker. That's because the turkey and stuffing might cook at different rates, often leaving the stuffing uncooked and unsafe to eat by the time the turkey is ready.

What were the risks of cooking the stuffing inside the turkey? ›

The safety concerns have to do with salmonella and other bacteria, which can come from eggs in the stuffing or from the interior surface of the turkey's cavity.

Why do professional chefs rarely place stuffing inside poultry? ›

The reason why professional chefs rarely place stuffing inside poultry is because stuffing can't reach the right temperature without overcooking the poultry. This is option D. The USDA advises cooks to cook stuffing outside the bird in a separate dish to avoid any risk of foodborne illness.

Is it better to cook a stuffed turkey at 325 or 350? ›

For the best results, our Test Kitchen recommends cooking a stuffed turkey at 325°F.

Can I put potatoes under my turkey? ›

Preheat oven to 350 degrees F or if you have a convection oven 325 degrees F convection roast mode. Spray a large roasting pan with non-stick spray. Evenly place the potatoes on the bottom of the pan. Place the turkey on top of the potatoes.

How do you keep stuffing from falling apart? ›

The stuffing should be moist but not wet. If there is a puddle of broth at the bottom of the bowl, you've added too much. Add more bread to soak up the excess moisture. If the mix is still dry and crumbly, add more liquid and toss gently until it starts to clump together.

Can you cook stuffing and turkey at the same time? ›

You can cook the bird and the bread in the same pan with delicious results.

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