Recipe: Basic Pie Crust (2024)

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Faith Durand

Faith DurandSVP of Content

Faith is the SVP of Content at Apartment Therapy Media and former Editor-in-Chief of The Kitchn. She is the author of three cookbooks, including the James Beard Award-winning The Kitchn Cookbook. She lives in Columbus, Ohio, with her husband and two daughters.

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updated Jun 5, 2019

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Recipe: Basic Pie Crust (1)

Makes3 (9-inch) pie crusts

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Pastry and pie crusts all have roots in one basic recipe, but there are a myriad of tiny variations that bakers argue about endlessly. Butter, shortening, vodka – so many ways to tweak a pie crust! We are really not very good at pie dough; we are much better at butter-rich tarts and cakes. So we’re on a quest to improve our pies. Here’s the formula we’re currently using; it is working well for us but feel free to add your own variation too!

All-butter crusts can be too rich and slightly greasy. All-shortening crusts, on the other hand, can be too stiff and difficult to roll out. But we love the flakiness of shortening and the taste of butter. (Haven’t tried a lard crust yet!)

This recipe has 2 parts butter to one part shortening. We use the non-hydrogenated variety of vegetable shortening, although we have noticed, regrettably, that this isn’t quite as good for pies. Use it for health, or throw caution to the wind for a monthly treat and make it with the bad old stuff. Up to you.

Also, this recipe makes enough dough for three 9″ or 10″ crusts; you could probably squeeze four 9″ crusts out if you were super stingy with the dough. Even though pie crust isn’t that much of a chore, it does take time, so we like a recipe that will let us freeze enough for a couple extra pies. We got one double crust deep-dish pie and one single crust out of this recipe.

One more note on method: we love our food processor for making pie and tart doughs. BUT. (Big but.) We have been struggling with the dough and wondering if it’s because our food processor immediately cuts the fat into too-small and too-uniform pieces. The tender flakiness of pie dough comes in large part from the irregularity of the fat as it’s worked into the flour. This time through we used our fingers and it was much better. We’re leaving the food processor to the shortbreads and tart doughs, for now.

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Makes 3 (9-inch) pie crusts

Nutritional Info

Ingredients

  • 4 1/4 cups

    all-purpose flour

  • 1 1/2 teaspoons

    salt

  • 2 tablespoons

    fine white sugar (optional)

  • 1 cup

    chilled butter

  • 1/2 cup

    chilled shortening

  • 1/2 to 3/4 cup

    ice cold water

Instructions

  1. Prepare 3 large pieces of plastic wrap or wax paper by misting lightly with baking spray.

  2. Mix the flour, salt and sugar, if using. Cut the butter into fine chunks with a knife. Shake into the bowl with the flour. Drop the shortening in by teaspoons. Using the tips of your fingers, quickly work the fat into the flour, pinching and squeezing and rolling each piece of butter lightly.

  3. When most of the butter and shortening is no larger than a large pea or lima bean, stop. Some chunks will still be irregular, but it should mostly be all rubbed together. All fat should be coated with flour.

  4. In drips and drops, pour in the water, stopping after the first half cup. Quickly with your hands try to draw the dough together into a ball. If big clumps still fall off or crumble, add water just until it comes together and you can pick the whole lump up in your hands. Do not mix it any more than this - just draw it together gently.

  5. Separate into three pieces and gently press into thick disks. Wrap each in the prepared paper and put in the fridge for at least an hour, or in the freezer until chilled through.

  6. To pre-bake, roll out a disk of dough between two sheets of waxed paper. Press into a greased pie dish. Trim off the edges and pinch close to the rim. Put back in the refrigerator or freezer until chilled, and heat the oven to 375°F. Take the pie shell out of the fridge and prick the bottom several times with a fork. Bake on the bottom oven rack for 18-20 minutes or until baked but not browned.

  7. Dough can be well-wrapped and frozen until needed.

More pies
• More tips on pie crusts: Questions for Allie: Why Is My Pie Dough Shrinking?
• Good Product: Tupperware Pastry Sheet
• Pie Crust Bag – Dorie Greenspan loves this thing so now we want one too!
DIY Graham Cracker Crust

(Images: Faith Durand)

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Recipe: Basic Pie Crust (2024)

FAQs

What is the basic formula for making pie crust? ›

Ingredients
  1. 1 ¼ cups all-purpose flour (spooned and leveled), plus more for rolling.
  2. ½ teaspoon salt.
  3. ½ teaspoon sugar.
  4. ½ cup (1 stick) cold unsalted butter, cut into pieces.
  5. 2 to 4 tablespoons ice water.

What is the secret to a good pie crust? ›

Use Very Cold Butter or Fat

Butter, shortening, lard, or suet—whatever fat the recipe calls for should be well-chilled and cut into small pieces to start with for the flakiest crust in the end. The fat in a pie crust must maintain some of its integrity in the dough to make the crust truly flaky.

Is pie crust better with butter or crisco? ›

My preferred fat for pie crusts will always be butter. To me, it is all about flavor, and no other fat gives flavor to a crust like butter does. Other fats, even though they have great pros, lack flavor,” De Sa Martins said. “The more flavorful the butter, the more flavor your pie crust will have,” Huntsberger added.

What is the most important rule in making a pie crust? ›

PIE DOUGH RULES

As important as not overmixing is staying chilled, literally!! That means keeping all elements cold— your counter, ingredients, hands, heart (just kidding!). No, but seriously, cut up your butter into little cubes and chill them before you incorporate them into the flour.

What flour is best for pie crust? ›

Choose all-purpose flour or pastry flour. Don't skip or reduce the salt; it's critical for flavor. Various types of fat work well; choose your favorite. Add just enough liquid to hold the dough together.

Why do you add vinegar to pie crust? ›

But there are two much more important perks to using vinegar: it provides a little insurance against overworking the dough. And, that splash of vinegar will keep your dough from oxidizing and turning gray. Fresh All-Butter Pie Dough with vinegar (right) and without (left).

How long should you chill pie dough before rolling out? ›

Chill in the fridge for 30 minutes, or up to overnight. Tip: Chilling hardens the fat in the dough, which will help the crust maintain its structure as it bakes. And the short rest before rolling relaxes the dough's gluten, helping prevent a tough crust.

How long to prebake pie crust at 350? ›

If your recipe doesn't have instructions and you're wondering how long to pre bake the pie, here's what I do: I pre bake the prepped pie crust at 350°F. If the crust is homemade from scratch, I pre bake for 35 minutes. If the crust is store-bought, I pre bake for 30 minutes.

What are 2 disadvantages of using all butter in pie crust? ›

The additional moisture in butter contributes to tough pastry dough if overworked during mixing, and the low melting point of 94°F allows the fat to melt into the flour as it is worked, changing the texture of the finished crust.

Which fat makes the flakiest pie crust? ›

The pros: Butter has the best flavor. A butter pie crust forms light, lofty, flaky layers while it bakes. The flakiness comes partially from the water content of butter, which evaporates as the pie bakes and turns to steam, separating and puffing up the layers in dough.

What is one thing you should not do when making pie crust? ›

A: First, don't just reach for more flour—too much extra flour will make the crust tough, and won't treat the real problem, which is that your butter is too soft. I recently read in Weller's cookbook A Good Bake that it should take no more than one to two minutes to roll out a pie crust.

What not to do when making pie crust? ›

Whether you use a food processor, a stand mixer, or your hands to incorporate the ingredients together, overmixing is a common mistake that leads to a chewy crust. It's tempting when baking to combine the ingredients completely, but the texture should resemble a coarse meal before adding your liquid.

Why put vodka in pie crust? ›

Unlike water, alcohol does not contribute to the formation of gluten, the network of proteins that can cause a crust to turn leathery. Because the alcohol burns off quickly in the oven, drying out the crust, we could add enough vodka to keep the dough wet and extremely supple.

What is the formula for 3:2:1 pie dough? ›

This is the easy and famous '3, 2, 1' pie crust. It's 3 parts flour, 2 parts fat, and 1 part liquid - along with some salt and/or sugar for flavor. Those who have read my post on ratios know that these "parts" are by weight and not volume, so this is when owning a scale becomes useful.

What is the formula for pie in economics? ›

The profitability index (PI) is a measure of the attractiveness of a project or investment. It is calculated by dividing the present value of future expected cash flows by the initial investment amount in the project.

What is the 321 dough theory? ›

The 3:2:1 ratio – with three parts flour, two parts fat, and one part water – creates a dough that is easy to work with and makes for a flaky pastry crust.

What is the calculation to pie? ›

What is the formula for calculating pi? The pi is a ratio and is obtained from a circle. If the diameter and the circumference of a circle are known, the value of pi will be as π = Circumference/ Diameter.

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