Smelling Sickness (2024)

Body Odor May Be Sign of Disease

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Smelling Sickness (1)

Did anyone ever tell you that you smell bad? Funky breath or stinky underarms can happen to anyone, at any age. Whether or not you’ve noticed them, some body odors can signal a health problem. But most breath and body odors are normal.

“Bad breath is most often caused by bacteria on the teeth and tongue,” explains Dr. Madeleine S. Deming, an internal medicine expert at the NIH Clinical Center.

It’s normal if your breath smells a little in the morning, especially if you slept with your mouth open. A dry mouth allows bacteria to thrive. Bacteria that live in the mouth can make compounds that have sulfur. These compounds are especially stinky. They can smell like rotten eggs or onion, for example.

If bad breath isn’t cleared up by brushing your teeth or using mouthwash, it may be a sign of another issue. Over time, bacteria can cause tooth decay and gum disease. Decay and gum disease do not smell good. Both require a trip to the dentist for treatment.

Other causes of foul breath odor may be sinus, throat, or lung infections. These need to be treated by a health care professional, too.

Your breath can also carry clues of disease from other parts of your body. That’s because you exhale more than just air. Your breath also contains gassy compounds that move from your organs through the bloodstream into your lungs.

Breath that smells fruity or like rotten apples, for example, can be a sign of diabetes that’s not under control.

Rarely, people can have bad breath because of organ failure. A person with kidney failure may have breath that smells like ammonia or urine. Serious liver disease can make breath smell musty or like garlic and rotten eggs.

Compounds that are transported through the blood can also be released through your sweat glands. That can make your armpits and skin smell bad. It’s normal for stress to cause smelly compounds to be released through your sweat.

But your armpits can smell for other reasons too. Both moisture and hair enable bacteria to thrive. These bacteria can make smelly compounds. Bathing, shaving, and deodorant can help keep these odors in check.

Because certain diseases cause breath or body odors, NIH-supported researchers are developing an electronic “nose” to help doctors detect them. This research is at an early stage. In the lab, scientists can already analyze odor compounds from the body. They’ve even trained dogs to detect signs of certain cancers in breath samples.

If you’re concerned about a new or worsening body odor, “a trip to the doctor for evaluation is always the first step,” Deming advises. “Bad breath is best assessed by a dentist.”

Your dentist can examine your mouth for signs of trouble. If body odor is your concern, your doctor can conduct a physical exam. If needed, your doctor can suggest further tests.

“A trial of avoiding foods that are known to cause body odor may be considered. In rare cases of body odor due to an underlying medical condition, the treatment of that condition may help to manage the odor as well,” Deming says.

See the Wise Choices box for some ways to prevent strong breath and body odors.

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Smelling Sickness (2024)

FAQs

What does it mean when you can smell your sickness? ›

Some people have such an advanced sense of smell that it helps them detect and diagnose diseases, both in themselves and in others. The reason we can smell infection, tell when someone is sick from their body odor, or sense “sick breath” is because many diseases alter the chemical composition of our body fluids.

How can your smell reveal if you're sick? ›

Scientists have found that dozens of illnesses have a particular smell: Diabetes can make your urine smell like rotten apples, and typhoid turns body odor into the smell of baked bread. Worse, yellow fever apparently makes your skin smell like a butcher's shop, if you can imagine that.

What is the foul smelling sickness? ›

A person with kidney failure may have breath that smells like ammonia or urine. Serious liver disease can make breath smell musty or like garlic and rotten eggs. Compounds that are transported through the blood can also be released through your sweat glands. That can make your armpits and skin smell bad.

Do sick people smell a certain way? ›

'Sick' samples were rated by others as smelling more aversive and less healthy than body odor samples from healthy participants.

Why can I smell sick but there's no sick? ›

It's a term used to describe olfactory hallucinations -- that means the organs related to your sense of smell are sensing odors that aren't really there. If you have phantosmia, the odors can vary from smells that almost make you sick to really pleasant scents. But most people with phantosmia tend to detect bad smells.

Why do I smell sick in my nose? ›

A bad smell in your nose may be caused by several health conditions, such as sinusitis, nasal polyps, and tooth decay. Speak with a healthcare professional, as they could provide a proper diagnosis and treatment plan.

What diseases give off an odor? ›

Several medical conditions and diseases are associated with changes in a person's usual body scent:
  • Diabetes.
  • Gout.
  • Menopause.
  • Overactive thyroid.
  • Liver disease.
  • Kidney disease.
  • Infectious diseases.

How to tell if you smell bad? ›

Go take a shower, watch TV, read a book for a while. Then, collect the clothes and give them the sniff test, especially around the pit area and anywhere you sweat profusely. If you find an odor that is unpleasant, that might be an indicator that you have a body odor problem that is leaching into your clothing.

Why does my husband smell musty? ›

The malodour typically results from bacterial degradation of fatty acids secreted in apocrine sweat. Risk factors include a family history of bromhidrosis, hyperhidrosis (excessive sweating) or increased size/number of apocrine glands.

Why does my body smell of sick? ›

Common ailments like the flu, a cold or bronchitis can lead you to stink on a smaller scale, specifically bad breath from increased mucus production. You may also notice that you're a little smelly if you have a fever or chills, which contribute to more sweating.

Does norovirus smell bad? ›

Rajapakse says food that is contaminated with norovirus usually looks, smells and tastes normal so it can be difficult to tell it is contaminated. Norovirus can quickly spread, especially in confined spaces, such as day care centers, nursing homes, schools and cruise ships.

How do you get rid of smelling sick? ›

Create a homemade vomit-smell-removal solution: two cups of hydrogen peroxide, two teaspoons of baking soda, and two drops of liquid dish soap. OR you can purchase a vomit-smell-removal solution. Spray the solution over the affected area and let dry.

Why does my girlfriend have bad breath in the morning? ›

Poor dental hygiene is another major cause behind halitosis. If your partner isn't as diligent as he or she should be with brushing and flossing before bed and in the morning, the mouth can become a fertile growing field for bacteria. Additional causes of halitosis include: Smoking and chewing tobacco.

Why do I smell sour when I wake up? ›

Not showering before bed or wearing dirty or unwashed clothes can lead to the accumulation of bacteria on the skin, resulting in foul-smelling sweat. Hormonal Changes: Hormonal changes can also contribute to sour-smelling sweat at night.

Can you smell a chest infection? ›

Signs of a lung infection

It can cause: coughing up even more phlegm, which may be more green than usual or smell unpleasant.

Does your sense of smell heightened when sick? ›

Upper respiratory infection: You can develop hypersensitivity to some smells when you have a stuffy nose or sinus infection. Neurological conditions: Neurological conditions including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and stroke can cause hypersomia.

Why does my body give off a metallic smell? ›

A metallic smell on your body is typically a type of body odor triggered by handling copper or other metals. It can also result from your body burning protein rather than glucose during a workout.

Can sickness affect smell? ›

Anosmia is when you can't detect odors. It's usually a temporary side effect from a cold or sinus infection that goes away when your cold or sinus infection clears. But sometimes anosmia may be symptom of other, more serious medical issues like diabetes or traumatic brain injury.

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