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Emily on 2 Mar 2023
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Commented: Jan on 2 Mar 2023
Accepted Answer: Jan
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I want to repeatedly solve a set of ODEs for different values of some parameters, which will be encoded in a matrix. The equation I want to solve is
where Γcontains the parameters I wish to vary.
I made a function file:
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
Gamma
y = Gamma*x;
dxdt = zeros(size(x));
dxdt(1) = y(1);
dxdt(2) = y(2);
dxdt(3) = y(3);
dxdt(4) = y(4);
dxdt(5) = y(5) ;
If I create the variables tspan, xinit, Gamma of appropriate size and call the function, I get:
UseGamma(tspan,xinit,Gamma)
Gamma =
-0.7500 0 -0.2500 1.0000 0.2500
0 -0.2500 -0.2500 1.0000 0.7500
-0.1250 -0.1250 -1.0000 0 0
0 0 0 -2.0000 0
0.7500 0.2500 0.5000 0 -1.0000
ans =
-0.7400
0.0075
-0.1237
0.7325
However when I try to use this function as the RHS of my differential equation by calling it with ode45, I get:
[t,x] = ode45('UseGamma', tspan, xinit, Gamma);
Gamma =
0×0 empty char array
Error using *
Incorrect dimensions for matrix multiplication. Check that the number of columns in the first matrix matches the number of rows in the second matrix. To perform elementwise
multiplication, use '.*'.
Error in UseGamma (line 3)
y = Gamma*x;
Error in odearguments (line 90)
f0 = feval(ode,t0,y0,args{:}); % ODE15I sets args{1} to yp0.
Error in ode45 (line 115)
odearguments(FcnHandlesUsed, solver_name, ode, tspan, y0, options, varargin);
Is it possible to use the matrix as the input to ode45? If so, what am I doing wrong? If not, what is the simplest way to input these 25 values in Gamma to ode45? Thanks to everybody who is always so helpful!
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Accepted Answer
Jan on 2 Mar 2023
Edited: Jan on 2 Mar 2023
Open in MATLAB Online
You can abbreviate:
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
Gamma
y = Gamma*x;
dxdt = zeros(size(x));
dxdt(1) = y(1);
dxdt(2) = y(2);
dxdt(3) = y(3);
dxdt(4) = y(4);
dxdt(5) = y(5) ;
to
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
dxdt = Gamma * x;
This style of calling an ODE integrator is outdated for over 20 years now (since Matlab R6.5):
[t,x] = ode45('UseGamma', tspan, xinit, Gamma);
In Matlab 2022b this is treated as error and I get a message about an unknown function "UseGamma" when I run this in the forum. Prefer:
[t,x] = ode45(@(t,x) UseGamma(t, x, Gamma), tspan, xinit);
But the main problem is, that somewhere Gamma is defined as empty CHAR ''. Please post a copy of the code.
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Jan on 2 Mar 2023
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https://matlabcentral.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/1921940-using-ode45-with-a-matrix-as-input-to-my-function#comment_2642105
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Gamma = [ -0.7500 0 -0.2500 1.0000 0.2500
0 -0.2500 -0.2500 1.0000 0.7500
-0.1250 -0.1250 -1.0000 0 0
0 0 0 -2.0000 0
0.7500 0.2500 0.5000 0 -1.0000];
tspan = [0, 1];
xinit = rand(5, 1);
% [t,x] = ode45('UseGamma', tspan, xinit, Gamma); % Failing with message:
Unrecognized function or variable 'UseGamma'.
Error in odearguments (line 92)
f0 = ode(t0,y0,args{:}); % ODE15I sets args{1} to yp0.
Error in ode45 (line 107)
odearguments(odeIsFuncHandle,odeTreatAsMFile, solver_name, ode, tspan, y0, options, varargin);
% Working correctly:
[t,x] = ode45(@(t,x) UseGamma(t, x, Gamma), tspan, xinit);
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
dxdt = Gamma * x;
end
Emily on 2 Mar 2023
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Open in MATLAB Online
Thanks Jan,
I had originally used your shorter version of the function, but had been trying the longer more explicit version to troubleshoot.
Yes, the problem seems to be the way I was calling the integrator. I was following an example on the internet. Here is a code that works:
% A MWE calling UseGamma in ODE45
ParameterA = 1
ParameterB = 10
sum = ParameterA + ParameterB
Gamma=zeros(5,5);
Gamma(1,1) = -(1/2)*(1+ParameterA^2/sum^2);
Gamma(1,3) = -(ParameterB*ParameterA/(2*sum^2));
Gamma(1,4) = 1;
Gamma(1,5) = ParameterB^2/(2*sum^2);
Gamma(2,2) = -1*ParameterB^2/(2*sum^2);
Gamma(2,3) = -ParameterA*ParameterB/(2*sum^2);
Gamma(2,4) = 1;
Gamma(2,5) = (1/2)*(1+ParameterA^2/sum^2);
Gamma(3,1) = -ParameterA*ParameterB/(4*sum^2);
Gamma(3,2) = -ParameterA*ParameterB/(4*sum^2);
Gamma(3,3) = -1;
Gamma(4,4) = -2;
Gamma(5,5) = -1;
Gamma(5,1) = (1/2)*(1+ParameterA^2/sum^2);
Gamma(5,2) = 1*ParameterB^2/(2*sum^2);
Gamma(5,3) = ParameterB*ParameterA/sum^2;
xinit = [0.99; 0; 0;0;0.01];
tspan = [0 50];
UseGamma(tspan,xinit,Gamma)
[t,x] = ode45(@(t,x) UseGamma(t, x, Gamma), tspan, xinit);
function dxdt = UseGamma(t,x,Gamma)
dxdt = Gamma * x;
end
However when I call it using the old format, it doesn't work:
[t,x] = ode45('UseGamma', tspan, xinit, Gamma);
Gamma =
0×0 empty char array
Jan on 2 Mar 2023
Direct link to this comment
https://matlabcentral.mathworks.com/matlabcentral/answers/1921940-using-ode45-with-a-matrix-as-input-to-my-function#comment_2642370
Open in MATLAB Online
@Emily: Fine.
Just a note: Using the names of built-in functions as variables is a frequent cause of bugs. See:
sum(1:10) % Working
ans = 55
sum = 17;
sum(1:10) % Error:
Index exceeds the number of array elements. Index must not exceed 1.
'sum' appears to be both a function and a variable. If this is unintentional, use 'clear sum' to remove the variable 'sum' from the workspace.
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